![]() Newmark’s theory of semantic or communicative translation 4) To examine to whatĮxtent the rendered English nominal beta and adverbial beta clauses in the novel inĪrabic has affected their intended meaning in the source text.The novelty of this Whether the translation of the ST complex clause structure into Arabic has applied Whether the English adverbial beta clausefunctions in Hemingway’s “The Old ManĪnd The Sea” have been retained in the identified Arabic translation 3) To determine Sea” have been preservedin the Arabic translation by Ali Al- Kasimi 2) To find out The English nominal beta clause functionsin Hemingway’s “The Old Man and The The specific objectives of the study are: 1) To examine the extent to which These are just a few examples to illustrate the kind of challenges awaiting linguists and other experts as they begin to work out a unified approach to help the world resolve all these questions.This study sought to investigate the translation of complex clause structure in theĮnglish novel “The Old Man and The Sea” and its Arabic rendering by Ali Al. What is our reference to identify the right transliteration? Is it standard Arabic (fus-haa)? If not, which country's dialect should it be? With the use of second names the siblings can be distinguished.īut that still leaves the original question: in transliteration, which spelling is correct to write the name? ![]() Sometimes they add it to other names of several brothers, so one family might have brothers named Muhammad Mustafa, Muhammad Ameen and Muhammad Zahir. Muslims, Arabs and non-Arabs alike, use this name for their male children. For example, Muhammad is a common name globally. Such questions have to be addressed by expert linguists, translators, anthropologists and others to come up with a sustainable Arabic-names transliteration standard.Īnother question: what is the reference in pronouncing and writing Arabic names? This uses the English alphabet plus certain Arabic numerals, which resemble Arabic letters not present in English. One response, under the pressure of necessity, has been the way that some Arabic-speaking internet users have created their own transliteration system to meet their chat needs: Arabish. Nowadays, however, English is the international language, and has supplanted Arabic in many places. In the old days, when Arabic was the dominant language over much of the world, many nations wrote their local languages using Arabic alphabets.Īrabic was capable of meeting their pronunciation requirements and offered them new or modified letters which could perfectly fulfil their pronunciation needs. However, what are the criteria for transliteration? Is there a common, agreed-upon transliteration standard for Arabic names? What would be the essential characteristics of such a standard? In a nation that relies on contact between Arabic and English there is obviously a great need to improve the quality of our written communication in personal, business and government documents.Įffective and efficient communication is, after all, one of the prerequisites for excellence. These are all the same Arabic word, but one that is spelt (transliterated) in various regional ways when written in English. In the Arabian Peninsula it is pronounced Jamal, in Egypt Gamal and in Algeria Djamal. How about Othman? Could it be Osman, Uthman or Usman? There are many names with multiple English spellings. Which should be the standard spelling?Īnd which is correct, Etihad or Al Ittihad (as in The National's sister paper Al Ittihad)? ![]() Is the correct version Mohamed, Mohammed, Mohammad, Muhamed, Muhammed or Muhammad?Īnd how about Abdurrahman: Abdulrahman, Abdul Rahman, Abdel Rehman or Abed Rahman. If we transliterate, spelling becomes an issue. Of course both come from the same Arabic word: Itihad.Įach such choice has consequences. My favourite anomaly is between "Etihad" Airways (transliteration) and "Union" Bank (translation). The many inconsistencies in how Arabic sounds are conveyed in Roman characters make this into a complicated issue.įor instance, should a man named Saied be called "Mr Happy" in English? Or should a Muhammad be known as "Mr Praised"? This is more than just a philosophical question the answer has practical implications that have an effect on daily life, as anyone who regularly deals with both languages knows well. Should Arabic names be translated into English, or are they better transliterated?
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